KNX
An open standard for home and building control, ISO/IEC 14543-3, in which devices communicate over a twisted-pair bus, powerline, radio or IP.
KNX descends from the European Installation Bus and is managed by the KNX Association. Sensors such as switches and presence detectors send group telegrams on a shared bus, and actuators such as dimmers, blind motors and valve drives respond to the group addresses they are configured for, with no central controller required. Configuration is done with the ETS tool, and every certified product must interoperate.
It is strong in European residential and commercial projects for smart lighting, shading and room HVAC control, where the installed bus provides power and communication to hundreds of devices. KNX IP gateways and secure extensions connect it to supervisory systems and to BACnet for larger plants. The trade-off is that KNX is an installer-driven system with dedicated wiring and licensed tooling, so retrofits and DIY use are harder than with wireless alternatives.
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