Agents reach the factory floor, OPC UA over MQTT, and the quiet death of 2G and 3G
Issue 3: what AI agents can and cannot do with industrial equipment, why OPC UA's pub-sub profile matters, and what network sunsets mean for deployed fleets.
- Vendors are shipping LLM-based agents that read machine data and propose actions; the ones that work keep a human or a PLC between the model and the actuator.
- OPC UA PubSub over MQTT is becoming the default way to get factory data to the cloud without a custom gateway per machine.
- 2G and 3G sunsets continue country by country; fleets on old modems need a migration plan, not a hope.
- Digital twins are being rebuilt around event streams rather than CAD models, which makes them cheaper and more useful.